methodology

Coding decisions on the Taliban, external forces, the fall of Kabul, and more Published on: | Last updated:  The main conflict in Afghanistan began in 2001, following the US-led NATO invasion in the wake of the 11 September attacks and the subsequent overthrow of the Taliban government.…

Coding decisions on gangs, unidentified armed groups, state forces, and more Published on: | Last updated:  Background on Violence in Brazil The origins of criminal violence in Brazil are often attributed to the country’s rapid urbanization and the social inequalities brought with it.…

Reliability, quality control, and accounting for bias Published on: | Last updated:  What types of sources does ACLED use?  ACLED uses four types of sources. Every week, ACLED researchers assess thousands of sources in dozens of languages to provide the most comprehensive database on political violence and demonstrations.…

Coding decisions on state forces, fatality counts, and more Published on: | Last updated:  Background Prior to the invasion, trench warfare between the Ukrainian armed forces and Russian-led separatists was limited to parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (also collectively known as the Donbas) after a hot war in the wake of the Euromaidan protest movement in Ukraine in 2013-14, which Russia had framed as a Western-inspired coup d’état and used as a pretext to annex Crimea in March 2014.…